What are Humanoid Robots?
Robots are artificial beings with a physical (currently electromechanical) body that are situated in a real-world environment and have the ability to perceive this
environment through sensors, to perform their own algorithmic thinking processes, and to act through physical actions in the environment. Perception and action are more or less mediated through
internal thinking processes.
However, our project is not concerned with simple robots, but with humanoid robots. So you have to extend the previous definition to understand what can be understood by the term "humanoid
robot". "Humanoid" already implies that the extension of the term must also include the human being.
Humanoid robots are characterized by human form, human behavior and human inner life. The degree of humanity regarding form, behavior and inner life is different from robot to robot and thus more or
less close to the human model. Through the humanity of their outer and inner design, humanoid robots can humanly perceive, understand and influence their environment as well as other humans and
robots.
Humanoid or Android?
The term "humanoid robot" applies generally to all robots inspired by the human form. Furthermore, a distinction is made between humanoids, androids and geminoids. Androids are humanoid robots that more closely mimic human appearance, trying to be as human as possible. As androids are unable to conduct long discussions for more extensive research, another subcategory has been developed, the geminoids. These are remote controlled android of a living person. While all geminoids are also android and humanoids at the same time, this cannot be said the other way round. (Their relationship to each other can be found in this diagram.)
Other Humanoid Robots
In addition to those in Project H.E.A.R.T. examined SoftBank Robotics' robots "Pepper" and "NAO", a number of other humanoid robots are also interesting for use in teaching.
A distinction has to be made between finished products and prototypes. We would like to briefly introduce a few of the finished products here.
Poppy
Size: 83 cm
Weight: 3.5 kg
Manufacturer: Generation Robots
Operating system: Linux
Poppy is a humanoid robot with a wide range of applications. Primarily Poppy is used for test applications in mathematics, robotics and mechanics.
Unlike other humanoid robots, Poppy has an LCD screen instead of facial features that allows it to express expressions of his emotions.
To communicate with Poppy one must use Python, C ++, Java, JavaScript or Matlab. For the exchange among programmers there are several platforms, e.g. Pypot, an open-source application library.
DARwin-OP
Size: 45.45 cm
Weight: 2.9 kg
Manufacturer: Robotis
Operating system: Linux
DARwIn-OP is a humanoid robot focusing on applied research and teaching. All built-in software and hardware components are under the open source license.
Programming languages are C ++, Python, LabView, matlab or Roboplus, the in-house software from Robotis. Again, there is a developer platform called robotsource.
Alpha 2
Size: 43 cm
Weight: 2.3 kg
Manufacturer: Robotis
Operating system: -
Alpha 2 is a humanoid assistance and entertainment robot. The robot can be extended by so-called VAPPS, which are available in the Alpha Store.
Pillo
Size: 33.02 cm
Mass: -
Manufacturer: Pillo Health
Operating system: -
Pillo is a health and assistance robot designed for individual health care. He can stow medicines and supplements and reorder them automatically. Additional applications can be downloaded through the Pillo Store.
Sources
[INT 1] "Poppy Humanoid: Advanced and Easy to Use Open Source Humanoid Robot." Poppy Project - Poppy Humanoid. Web. Last access: 23. June 2017. <https://www.poppy-project.org/en/robots/poppy-humanoid>
[INT 2] “Poppy Humanoid Roboter (mit Teilen aus 3D-Druck)”. Generation Robots. Web. Last access: 20. June 2017. <https://www.generationrobots.com/de/402077-bausatz-fur-den-humanoiden-roboter-poppy-10-mit-teilen-aus-3d-druck.html?search_query=poppy+humanoid&results=11> .
[INT 3] "DARwIn OP: Open Platform Humanoid Robot for Research and Education." RoMeLa. Web. Last access: 18. June 2017. <http://www.romela.org/darwin-op-open-platform-humanoid-robot-for-research-and-education/>
[INT 4] "DARwIn-OP". Wikipedia. LLast access: 07.August 2018. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARwIn-OP>
[INT 5] "DARwIn-OP Humanoid Robot Demo". IEEE Spectrum. Last access: 07.August 2018. <https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/darwin-op-humanoid-robot-demo>
[INT 6] "Programmierbarer Humanoider Roboter Robotis Mini." Generation Robots. Web. Last access: 19. June 2017. <https://www.generationrobots.com/de/401754-programmierbarer-humanoider-roboter-darwin-mini.html>
[INT 7] "Robotis Mini[INTL]". Robotis. Last access: 07.August 2018. <http://robotis.us/robotis-mini-intl/>
[INT 8] "The Robot We've Always Dreamed of Is Almost Here." Indiegogo. Web. Last access: 27. June 2017. <https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/alpha-2-the-first-humanoid-robot-for-the-family-social#/>
[INT 9] "Alpha 2 - Der Roboter für die ganze Familie." Gaming Gadgets. 25 Nov. 2015. Web. Last access: 18. June 2017. <http://gaminggadgets.de/alpha-2-der-roboter-fuer-die-ganze-familie>
[INT 10] "Pillo: Your Personal Home Health Robot" Indiegogo. Web. Last access: 17. June 2017. <https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/pillo-your-personal-home-health-robot-family-technology#/>
[INT 11] Humphries, Matthew. "Pillo Is a Home Health Robot That Poops out Your Pills." Geek.com. 28. Juni 2016. Web. Last access: 17. June 2017. <https://www.geek.com/tech/pillo-is-a-home-health-robot-that-poops-out-your-pills-1659779/>
[INT 12] "Professor Einstein: Your Personal Genius." Kickstarter. Web. Last access: 14. June 2017. <https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1240047277/professor-einstein-your-personal-genius?lang=de>
[INT 13] "Professor Einstein - Your Personal Genius." Professor Einstein - Your Personal Genius. Hanson Robotics, Web. Last access: 27. June 2017. <http://www.professoreinstein.com/>
[INT 14] "Professor Einstein...Your Personal Genius Robot." Indiegogo. Web. Last access: 19. June 2017. <https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/professor-einstein-your-personal-genius-robot-gift#/>
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